Overview:

Cervical cancer begins in the (cervix), lower part of the uterus that connects to the birth canal.

It is one of the most preventable cancers, through  routine screening and vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV). Early detection is vital to the management of cervical cancer.

Causes and associated common risk factors

  1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV): The most common cause, particularly types 16 and 18.
  2. Weak Immune System: Conditions like HIV or when one is on  long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
  3. Smoking: Increases the risk by damaging cervical cells.
  4. Long-Term Use of Birth Control Pills: Has been linked  with a slight increase in risk.
  5. Family History: A genetic predisposition may play a role.

Signs and Symptoms:

Cervical cancer in its early stages may not show any symptoms. However, as it progresses, the following signs can occur:

  1. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause.
  2. Unusual Vaginal Discharge: May be watery, pink, or foul-smelling.
  3. Pelvic Pain: Persistent discomfort in the lower abdomen or back.
  4. Pain During Intercourse:  Usually in advanced stages.
  5. Frequent Urination or Blood in Urine: If the cancer has spread.

You can practice the follwing to reduce the risk of getting cervical cancer:

  • Get regular Pap smears and HPV tests as recommended by your doctor.
  • Get vaccinated against HPV.
  • Practice safe sex.
  • Avoid smoking and maintain a healthy immune system.