DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE COMMON COLD AND INFLUENZA, COVERING THEIR DEFINITIONS, CAUSES, AND TYPICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

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Definitions:

Common Cold: A common cold is a nonspecific, acute, self-limited infection of the upper respiratory tract. Common colds occur more frequently in children and have a seasonal pattern, with most infections occurring during fall and winter months in colder weather, though they can occur at any time of the year.

Flu (Influenza): Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract caused specifically by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Influenza has a more distinct seasonal pattern, with outbreaks typically occurring during the colder months in temperate climates (winter). In tropical regions, influenza activity may occur throughout the year.

Causes:

Common Cold: Caused by viruses such as rhinoviruses (most common), coronaviruses, and others. Transmission occurs through direct contact, aerosols, and respiratory droplets.

Flu (Influenza): Caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. These viruses undergo frequent antigenic changes (mutations), leading to new strains and seasonal outbreaks. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets.

Signs and Symptoms:
Common Cold: Symptoms typically include nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, and a mild cough. Fever is uncommon, and when present, it is usually mild. Symptoms generally resolve within about a week, but a cough may persist for up to three weeks.
Flu (Influenza): Symptoms are more severe and have a sudden onset. They include high fever, body aches, headache, extreme fatigue, dry cough, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting.