What is Hyperglycemic Coma

Hyperglycemic coma is a life-threatening complication associated with diabetes.  It arises when  blood sugar levels are extremely high.

It can occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

The two main conditions that lead to a hyperglycemic coma are diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) .

The two are classified as types of hyperglycemic comas as discussed below.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA):

DKA is common in type 1 diabetes. It arises when the body produces excess ketone bodies by breaking down fats into ketones for energy.

Symptoms include:

  • extreme thirst
  •  frequent urination
  • nausea and vomiting
  •  Confusion.
  • DKA has a characteristic fruity breath odor.

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS):

More often seen in type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by very high blood sugar levels without the production of ketones.

Symptoms include:

  • severe dehydration (which is the main trigger of HHS)
  •  weakness and confusion which can lead to unconsciousness.
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Both DKA and HHS can lead to death if left untreated.