Overview

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition characterized by sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach, duodenum (first part of the small intestine), or esophagus. It can lead to significant discomfort if not managed properly. 

Causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease

●Helicobacter pylori Infection: A bacterial infection that damages the stomach lining.

●Chronic NSAID Use: Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen, aspirin).

●Excessive Stomach Acid Production: Often linked to stress, smoking, or certain medical conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

●Lifestyle Factors such as 

  • Smoking or tobacco use.
  • High alcohol consumption.
  • Spicy or irritating foods (these don’t cause ulcers but may aggravate symptoms).

●Family History: Genetic predisposition can increase risk.

Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer Disease

Abdominal Pain: Burning or gnawing pain, often between meals or at night.

Nausea and Vomiting: Sometimes with blood (in severe cases).

Bloating or Belching: Frequent feelings of fullness or bloating.

Loss of Appetite: Leading to weight loss.

Black or Tarry Stools: Indicative of bleeding ulcers.

Management of Peptic Ulcer Disease

Adopt Lifestyle Modifications practices such as: 

•Quiting Smoking: Smoking delays healing and increases acid production.

•Limit Alcohol: Avoid or reduce alcohol consumption to prevent irritation of the stomach lining.

•Balanced Diet: Incorporate non-acidic, high-fiber foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, and whole grains).

•Stress Management: Engage in relaxation techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise.

Avoid NSAIDs: Opt for alternative pain relief under a doctor's supervision.

Preventive Tips

○Adopt hygeine practices such as washing  hands and eating well-cooked food to avoid H. pylori infection.

○Avoid skipping meals and overindulgence to maintain regular stomach acid levels.

Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease

~Medications

  • Antibiotics: To eradicate H. pylori infection.
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Reduce stomach acid and promote healing (e.g., omeprazole, esomeprazole).
  • H2 Receptor Antagonists: Decrease acid production (e.g., ranitidine, famotidine).
  • Antacids: Neutralize stomach acid to relieve symptoms.
  • Cytoprotective Agents: Protect the stomach lining (e.g., sucralfate).
  • Surgical Intervention (For Severe Cases). Surgery may be required for complications like perforation, bleeding, or obstruction.

When to Seek Immediate  Medical Attention

•Persistent or worsening abdominal pain.

•Vomiting blood or passing black stools.

•Sudden, severe abdominal pain (may indicate perforation).