Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. Understanding how to prevent, recognize, and manage TB is key.

How TB Spreads: TB is an airborne disease, transmitted when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, releasing bacteria into the air. Close and prolonged contact increases the risk of transmission.

 Symptoms of TB: Recognize them.

Early detection is only possible when you can recognize  common symptoms of TB. They include: 

  • Persistent cough lasting three weeks or longer.
  • Chest pain
  • Coughing up blood or sputum
  • Fatigue
  • Unintended weight loss
  • Fever and night sweats
  • Loss of appetite.

If you experience symptoms or have been exposed to someone with TB, consult a healthcare provider and seek prompt medical evaluation.

Tips on Treatment

TB treatment involves multiple antibiotics taken over several months. Completing the entire regimen is essential to cure the infection and prevent drug resistance strains from developing.

Any side effects during treatment should be reported promptly.

Preventive Measures

  • Limit Exposure: Avoid close contact with individuals known to have active TB.
  • Ensure Proper Ventilation: TB bacteria thrive in enclosed spaces. Good ventilation and good air  circulation can help reduce spread.
  • You can wear Masks in  high-risk settings or when around infected individuals.
  • Maintaining a Healthy Immune System can help reduce risks of infection. Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, get adequate sleep, and manage stress effectively.

Regular TB screenings are advisable for individuals at higher risk to help in timely intervention, including:

  • Healthcare workers
  • People with weakened immune systems (e.g., HIV-positive individuals)
  • Those in close contact with TB patients

Consider Preventive Therapy: If you have latent TB infection (LTBI), the doctor may recommend preventive treatment to reduce the risk of developing active TB.

In  countries with high prevalence, consider TB Vaccination: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine offers protection against TB. Always consult with a healthcare provider on vaccination.